A Indian Baby With a , Thin Eyebrows, Small Eyes Female

Int J Trichology. 2013 Jul-Sep; v(3): 154–156.

Double Centre Forehead: A Rare Case Report

Sudipta Kar

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Panihati, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Chiranjit Ghosh

Section of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Enquiry, Panihati, Kolkata, West Bengal, Bharat

Badruddin Ahamed Bazmi

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Panihati, Kolkata, Westward Bengal, India

Subrata Sarkar

Section of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Scientific discipline and Enquiry, Panihati, Kolkata, Due west Bengal, India

Abstract

Eye brows are essential for esthetic and functional purposes. Diverse kinds of eye brows are plant in man species. Protective function is i of the important functions of eye brows. Double eye brow is a very rare status found in human. This case report describes one of the rare cases of double eye brow.

Keywords: Double eye brow, eye brow, function of centre forehead

INTRODUCTION

Eye brows are ii arched eminence of skin, which surmounts the orbits. Numerous short and thick hairs gear up obliquely in the fibers of orbicularis oculi, corrugator and frontal part of occipito frontalis are inserted in the dermis of eye brows. The eyebrows are ane of the prominent features of the forehead.

It provides important clue of an private's face up.

The head of the eyebrows overlies the frontal sinus and the tail is usually in the region of zygomatiocofrontal suture.[ane] It is an bagginess of the hair bearing scalp rather than an extension of facial tissue. The head of the eyebrows overlies the frontal sinus and the tail is in the region of the zygomaticofrontal suture. Eyebrows occupy different position between the genders. The hairs of female countenance are less in number and more regular than male. The female eye brow is more arched and remainder slightly college than male eyebrow, which normally rests at the level of superior orbital rim.[2]

Male eye brows are more irregular. The natural management of hair of the eyebrow is varied. Inferoateral hair direction is found in the upper and lateral parts. In medial and lower parts superolateral management of pilus is observed. The skin of the eyebrow contains abundant sweat and sebaceous glands. The peel is likewise found thick and mobile in this region.

Eyebrows play a vital role in emotional expression and facial aesthetics. Eyebrows are also helpful in nonverbal communication. The eyebrows protect the eyelids and eyeball from mechanical injury and absorb brow sweat. Eyebrows play an important office in facial identification and may be at least equally important as the optics.[3]

Human beings have a single eye brow above each middle, merely this commodity presents a case report of a kid with double eye brows on the left side.

CASE REPORT

The nowadays example report is about a 6-year-old girl presented to Department of Pediatric and preventive dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata for routine dental check-up. In that location was no relevant medical history with normal built, gait and intelligence. On facial exam, at that place was no gross disproportion of face or any abnormal swelling. Dermatological exam revealed that the eyebrows on the both the sides were sparser on the medial sides when compared with the lateral sides. The eye brows were free from any pathology except a double layer of eyebrow was present to a higher place the left eye. Second layer of center brow was just present to a higher place the get-go layer [Figures ​ 1 and ​ 2]. The distribution and density of pilus in the second layered eye brow was different. There was no significant dermatological findings present elsewhere in the trunk. Family unit history revealed no systemic affliction or any extra layer of middle brow in either of maternal or paternal individual. The parents were unrelated and unaffected by any other peel related trouble. No corrective/artful or therapeutic treatment has been received past the kid for double eyebrow. Routine laboratory tests (consummate blood count, liver function examination, urine analysis, intestinal ultrasound) were all normal. Considering the clinical features, a diagnosis of double eyebrow was ended. We did not detect any dermatological pathology or accompanying systemic disease in our case.

Photograph shows presence of double eyebrow

Closer view of double countenance

DISCUSSION

Eyebrows are commonly developed anatomical marking present over optics. The eyebrows are positioned at the intersection of the forehead and the upper lid. The hairs are normally thick and prevarication horizontally. The countenance is a transverse elevation of hair, which starts medially only inferior to the orbital margin and ends laterally higher up the orbital margin. They are formed by the transverse elevation of the superciliary ridge of the frontal bone.

The superficial muscles of the head develop every bit mesodermal laminae which begin at the second branchial arch.[4,5] From infraorbital lamina orbicularis, oculi, corrugator, depressor supercilii and procerus muscles develop. From temporal lamina frontalis musculus develops. These laminae join above the center and form the interdigitating muscular structure of the brow. At 8-10 week of fetal development chief hair germs are seen in the regions of the brow. Formation of primitive pilus starts equally a focal crowding of basal cell nuclei in the fetal epidermis. When the basal jail cell germ enlarges information technology becomes asymmetric and extends obliquely downward as a solid column. The eyebrows are moved past the muscles of facial expression. Wrinkle of the frontalis musculus raises the eyebrows. Contracting the orbital sections of orbicularis oculi lowers the eyebrows and contracting the corrugators supercilia muscle draws the eyebrows together medially. These muscles are supplied by the facial nervus.

There are three types of hair constitute in the countenance: (1) Fine vellus hair; (2) slightly larger and lightly pigmented hair and (iii) big terminal hair known as the supercilia. The fine hairs form an effective moisture barrier to keep sweat from running downwardly into the eye. The supercilia give the countenance its apparent color and configuration.

Principal function of eyebrows is to protect eyes and forbid flowing of salty sweat to optics. The position and curvature of the eyebrow allows it to shields the eyes from brilliant light and it is an effective barrier to liquids running from the forehead into the heart. Arable sensory innervations are present in the large hairs of the countenance, which are very sensitive to tactile stimulation. The eye brows as well part to draw the expression of an individual, like the depression of the medial portion of the countenance depicts anger or concern. Elevation of simply one eyebrow portrays a questioning expression. These expressions serve as nonverbal forms of advice to convey emotion.

Eye brows abnormalities accept a close relation with genomic disorders. In facial esthetics, sexual dimorphism, emotional expression and nonverbal communication eyebrows play unique function. Contempo enquiry suggests that eyebrows play an important function in facial identification and may be at least every bit of import as the optics. Office of eyebrow is both physical and psychological. Primary physical office is to prevent flowing of salty sweat to eyes; henceforth protection of eyes is the main role of eyebrows. There are unlike types of eyebrows are constitute. They may exist of thick and thin, bring together and separated. Thick eye brows are more common in male person and thin eyebrows in female. Eyebrows variation plant in various syndromes such equally – Chr1p36.33 microdeletion syndrome, Chr2q21-23 microdeletion, Mowat-Wilson syndrome, Chr3q26.3-q27 microdeletion, with sparse and broad-based countenance, Chr7p15.three duplication: Extreme sparseness of the lateral portion of the eyebrows, Chr9q34.three terminal deletion, biconvex eyebrows and synophrys, Chr10q22.3-23.2 duplication, with medial flaring eyebrows etc., A study by Silengo et al.[half-dozen] noted pilus has important role for diagnosis of metabolic and malformation in diverse syndromes. IP 36.33 microdelation has a close relationship with deep-set eyes and horizontal eyebrows.[vii] Centre brows abnormalities are useful diagnostic aids of chromosomal phenotype syndrome along with syndromic learning inability and developmental delay.[viii] Suggested are diagnostic sign of genomic disorder. According to them array based comparative genomic hybridization cause multisystemic developmental diseases in human beings along with learning disability and developmental delay along with learning disability and developmental delay are responsible for most genomic disorder along with craniofacial skeletal and behavioral changes. The study done past Berkenstadt et al. observed fractional duplication of the eyebrows with other anomalies in a 7-year-old son. There was excess pilus on the brow and long eyelashes as well equally excessive wrinkling of the periorbital skin when the eyes were airtight. He had bilateral syndactyly involving the second to the 4th fingers and the second and third toes. The pare was excessively stretchable on the face up and breast. In that location was no articulation hypermobility.[9] Gross-Kieselstein and Har-Even also observed the same disorder in brother and sister of North African Jewish descent.[10] We could not detect any systemic disorder in our instance with physical and laboratory investigations. Then is just an anatomical variation. In a review of the literature, only a few reports about partial duplication of eyebrows have been institute. It is clear that, new reports are still needed to enhance our knowledge almost this rare entity.

Footnotes

Source of Support: Nil

Conflict of Interest: None alleged.

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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3927176/

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